撒上二一4　　祭司回答大卫说，我手下没有平常的饼，只有圣饼…。

　　6　　祭司就拿圣饼给他；因为在那里没有别的饼，只有陈设饼，是…从耶和华面前撤下来的。

　　太一6　　耶西生大卫王…。

　　法利赛人批评主的门徒在安息日掐起麦穗来吃时，主说，“大卫和跟从他的人饥饿之时所作的，你们没有念过么？他怎样进了神的殿，他们且吃了陈设饼，就是他不可吃，跟从他的人也不可吃，唯独祭司才可吃的。”（太十二3~4。）（新约总论第九册，五一页。）

　　主在这里的话，含示祂是真大卫。古时，大卫和跟从他的人，在被弃绝时，进了神的殿，吃了陈设饼，似乎干犯了利未记的律法。现今真大卫和跟从祂的人也被弃绝，并且门徒有掐麦穗吃的行动，似乎犯了安息日的规条。大卫和跟从他的人怎样不算为有罪，基督和祂的门徒也不该被定罪。大卫王是基督这真大卫的预表。大卫有跟从者，基督这真大卫也有门徒作祂的跟从者。大卫王和跟从他的人被人弃绝，真大卫和跟从祂的人也被人弃绝。大卫和跟从他的人怎样是饥饿的，基督和祂的门徒也照样是饥饿的。…这一切含示大卫和跟从他的人，是基督和祂门徒的预表。（新约总论第三册，二一九至二二○页。）

　　1 Sam. 21:4 And the priest answered David and said, There is no common bread on hand; yet there is holy bread…

　　6 So the priest gave him what was holy, for there was no bread there except the bread of the Presence, which was taken from before Jehovah…

　　Matt. 1:6 And Jesse begot David the king…

　　When the Pharisees told [Jesus] that it was not lawful for His disciples to pick ears of grain on the Sabbath, He said, “Have you not read what David did when he became hungry, and those who were with him; how he entered into the house of God, and they ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat, nor for those who were with him, except for the priests only?” (Matt. 12:3-4).

　　The Lord’s word here implies that He is the real David. In ancient times David and his followers, when rejected, entered into the house of God and ate the showbread, apparently breaking the Levitical law. Now the real David and His followers were also rejected and took action to eat, apparently against the sabbatical regulation. Just as David and his followers were not held guilty, neither should Christ and His disciples be condemned. King David was a prefigure of Christ, the real David. David had followers, and Christ, the real David, also had disciples as His followers. King David and his followers were rejected by the people, and the real David and His followers were rejected also. Just as David and his followers were hungry, so Christ and His disciples were hungry…. This implies that David and his followers were a type of Christ and His disciples. (The Conclusion of the New Testament, pp. 720-721)

　　基督在马太十二章三至四节的话含示，从祭司职分到君王职分之时代的转换。古时，大卫的来，转换了时代，将祭司时代转到君王时代，叫君王在祭司之上。在祭司时代，百姓的首领应当听从祭司；（民二七21~22；）但在君王时代，祭司应当服从君王。（撒上二35~36。）因此，大卫王和跟从他的人所作的并不违法。现今，借着基督的来，时代也转换了，这次是从律法时代转到恩典时代；这时基督是在一切之上，凡祂所作的都是对的。遵守安息日属于旧律法时代。但在恩典时代，是基督下断案。这不是律法的问题，乃是基督的问题。（新约总论第三册，二二○页。）

　　主似乎对法利赛人说，“你们不该定罪我或我的门徒。现在不再是律法下断案，乃是我基督给你们下断案。我是真君王，真大卫。我也是带进恩典时代的基督。因此，凡我所说或所作的，才是最后的裁决。”法利赛人自以为懂得圣经，但在这里他们显然输了。主的辩护是多么有力！（马太福音生命读经，四四七页。）

　　大卫在父家排行第八，蒙神拣选，且为神所膏。（撒上十六10~13。）八这数字表征复活。大卫身为第八子，蒙神拣选，指明他与基督的联合是在复活里。他也是合乎神心的人，（十三14，）为基督带进神的国。…大卫是列祖时代的最后一代，也是君王时代的第一代；他结束了一个时代，开创了另一个时代。他是两个时代的界碑，因他带进了神的国，且与基督有密切的联合。…马太福音的家谱只在提到大卫时，才用王的称谓，因为国度和君王的职分，是借着他带进的。（圣经恢复本，太一6注1，注2。）

　　参读：马太福音生命读经，第三十二篇；新约总论，第六十七篇；撒母耳记生命读经，第十四篇。

　　Christ’s word in Matthew 12:3-4 implies the dispensational change from the priesthood to the kingship. In ancient times the coming of David changed the dispensation from the age of the priests to the age of the kings, in which the kings were above the priests. In the age of the priests the leader of the people should listen to the priest (Num. 27:21-22). But in the age of the kings the priest should submit to the king (1 Sam. 2:35-36). Hence, what King David did with his followers was not illegal. Now by the coming of Christ the dispensation has also been changed, this time from the age of the law to the age of grace, in which Christ is above all. Whatever He does is right. The matter of keeping the Sabbath belonged to the old dispensation of the law. But in the age of grace Christ has the final word. It is not a matter of law but of Christ. (The Conclusion of the New Testament, p. 721)

　　The Lord seemed to be saying to the Pharisees, “You shouldn’t condemn Me or My disciples. It is no longer the law that gives the final word, but I, the Christ, I give you the final word. I am the real King, the real David. I am also the Christ who has brought in the dispensation of grace. Thus, whatever I say or do is the final decision.” Supposedly the Pharisees knew the Bible, but here they clearly lost the case. How strong was the Lord’s defense! (Life-study of Matthew, p. 397)

　　David was the eighth son of his father and was chosen and anointed by God (1 Sam. 16:10-13). The number eight signifies resurrection. That David as the eighth son was chosen by God indicates that his association with Christ was in resurrection. Furthermore, he was a man after the heart of God (1 Sam. 13:14) and brought in God’s kingdom for Christ. David was the last of the generations of the fathers. He was also the first of the generations of the kings. He was the conclusion of one age and the beginning of the next. He became the landmark of two ages because he brought in the kingdom of God and was closely associated with Christ. (Matt. 1:6, footnote 1) In this genealogy [in Matthew], only David is called “the king” because it was through him that the kingdom with the kingship was brought in. (Matt. 1:6, footnote 2)

　　Further Reading: Life-study of Matthew, msg. 32; The Conclusion of the New Testament, msg. 67; Life-study of 1 & 2 Samuel, msg. 14